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Progressive Web Apps

A progressive web app (or PWA for short) is a website that can be installed on the user's device and used offline. If you build your native app with Expo, then Expo CLI can generate a lot of the PWA automatically based on how the native app works. Ex: icons, splash screens, orientation, and so on. Add service workers to get a complete PWA.

This guide is oriented towards apps using webpack. If you use Metro for web (such as with Expo Router), you can still build a PWA. However, the Expo tooling suggested in this guide is not all intended for it. Use the web.output property with single as its default value to generate a SPA. You can then modify your public/index.html to add meta tags and PWA assets, and use expo-router/head to set meta tags on each route. Workbox is recommended for service workers.

Usage

Expo web projects generate PWA assets and manifests by default, you only need to add offline web support to get a full PWA.

When you run npx expo export:web the webpack config reads your app.config.js (or app.json) and generates a PWA from it.

The following properties can be used to customize your PWA:

app.config.js	manifest.json	index.html
`web.backgroundColor`	`background_color`
`web.description \| description`	`description`	`<meta name="description" />`
`web.dir`	`dir`
`web.display`	`display`
`web.lang`	`lang`	`<html lang="">`
`web.name \| name`	`name`	`<title />`
`web.orientation \| orientation`	`orientation`
`web.scope`	`scope`
`web.shortName \| web.name`	`short_name`	`<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title"/>`
`web.startUrl`	`start_url`
`web.themeColor \| primaryColor`	`theme_color`	`<meta name="theme-color" />`
`web.crossorigin`	`crossorigin`
`web.relatedApplications`	`related_applications`
`web.preferRelatedApplications`	`prefer_related_applications`
`android.icon \| icon`	`icons`
`ios.icon \| icon`		`<link rel="apple-touch-icon" >`
`web.favicon \| icon`		`<link rel="shortcut icon" >`
`web.barStyle`		`<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" />`
`web.splash \| ios.splash \| splash`		`<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" >`

If you need finer control on how the PWA is generated, you should generate the web/index.html with npx expo customize and add it manually.

Icons

Icons are generated in webpack using the expo-pwa CLI. You can customize and override icon generation by using the expo-pwa CLI directly. Learn more about expo-pwa.

Chrome

Chrome PWAs use the manifest.json and various meta tags in the <head /> element of the website's index.html. Chrome PWAs are far more robust than iOS/Safari PWAs so you may find that certain features don't line up as well as they do natively.

Safari

Safari PWAs do not use the manifest.json, instead they rely on meta tags in the <head/> element of a website's index.html. Expo unifies values as much as possible to simplify this.

Safari icons are resolved with: ios.icon | icon.
- All icons can be individually overwritten with <link rel="apple-touch-icon" /> in the web/index.html
Splash screens are resolved with: web.splash | ios.splash | splash.
- All splash screens can be individually overwritten with <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" /> in the web/index.html
Status Bar Style is resolved with: web.meta.apple.barStyle | web.barStyle.
- The default status bar style is black-translucent (the only full screen setting).
- This can be overwritten with <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" /> in the web/index.html
The home screen name is resolved with: web.shortName | web.name | name.
- This can be overwritten with <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" /> in the web/index.html

Offline

To add offline support, you'll need to add service workers to your project. We recommend using Workbox as it handles most of the heavy lifting.

Related applications

Related applications are a way of telling your website which apps it should install in favor of a PWA, Expo websites try to recommend the native app when possible.

Related applications can be inferred automatically from the following native app.config.js properties:

app.config.js

export default {
  ios: {
    bundleIdentifier: 'com.myapp',
    appStoreUrl: 'app store url',
  },
  android: {
    androidPackage: 'package',
    // This is optional as it can be inferred from the androidPackage.
    playStoreUrl: 'play store url',
  },
};

Optionally you could override these values by manually defining the related applications:

app.config.js

export default {
  web: {
    relatedApplications: [
      {
        platform: 'itunes',
        url: 'app store url',
        id: 'iOS bundle identifier',
      },
      {
        platform: 'play',
        url: 'play store url',
        id: 'android package',
      },
    ],
    preferRelatedApplications: true,
  },
};

Manual setup

Under the hood @expo/webpack-config uses a CLI called expo-pwa. If you want more control on how PWAs are generated, you can use the expo-pwa CLI directly.

Firstly, you'll need to generate the web/index.html with npx expo customize. Now you can generate custom files and link them in the web/index.html. @expo/webpack-config will check to see if assets are linked first before attempting to generate new ones.

manifest.json

touch web/manifest.json or expo-pwa manifest
Add the following line to the <head/> element of your web/index.html:

web/index.html

<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" />

Now npx expo export:web will copy the web/manifest.json file into the build folder and skip converting the app.config.js or app.json into a manifest.json.

Note that if the icons property is not defined then the build step will still attempt to generate and append Chrome icons to your manifest.json.